Focos de calor e impactos associados à dinâmica do trabalho na América do Sul

Wesley Leitão de Sousa; Eric Renan Mota Vasconcelos; Ana Karine Justino da Costa; Moisés Dias Gomes de Asevedo

doi:10.1590/1806-9479.2026.304025

ARTIGO ORIGINAL

Focos de calor e impactos associados à dinâmica do trabalho na América do Sul

Heat spots and associated impacts on labor dynamics in South America

Wesley Leitão de Sousa; Eric Renan Mota Vasconcelos; Ana Karine Justino da Costa; Moisés Dias Gomes de Asevedo

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9479.2026.304025 resr, vol.64, e304025, 2026

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Resumo

Focos de Calor, incêndios e queimadas são externalidades negativas que impactam o meio ambiente, o social e o econômico, sobretudo no mercado de trabalho. Nessa linha, o presente trabalho buscou quantificar os impactos dos focos de calor sobre o mercado de trabalho via nível de emprego na América do Sul no período de 2002 a 2022, especificamente nas estatísticas de trabalhadores por conta própria e empregos nos setores agrícola, industrial e de serviços. Para tal, aplicou-se o modelo de dados em painel com efeitos fixos, considerando 11 países do continente sul-americano e controlando os efeitos dos focos de calor no mercado de trabalho por variáveis sociodemográficas e climáticas. Os resultados demonstraram que o aumento da incidência dos focos de calor impacta negativamente o setor de serviços e positivamente o setor agrícola, devido à necessidade da recuperação da terra ou pela prática recorrente do uso do fogo no calendário agrícola tradicional. Os “conta própria” e o setor industrial também foram analisados, mas não apresentaram significância estatística. O estudo reforça a atenção para as políticas preventivas que possam monitorar e combater os incêndios e queimadas, a fim de evitar efeitos negativos no mercado de trabalho em regiões mais suscetíveis a essas externalidades.

Palavras-chave

dados em painel, emprego setorial, queimadas e incêndios florestais, variáveis climáticas

Abstract

Heat spots, wildfires, and burnings are negative externalities that affect environmental, social, and economic outcomes, particularly in the labor market. In this context, this study sought to quantify the impacts of heat spots on the labor market through employment levels in South America from 2002 to 2022, specifically focusing on statistics for self-employed workers and employment in the agricultural, industrial, and services sectors. To this end, a fixed-effects panel data model was applied, considering 11 South American countries and controlling for the effects of heat spots on the labor market through sociodemographic and climatic variables. The results show that an increase in the incidence of heat spots negatively affects employment in the services sector and positively affects employment in the agricultural sector, due to the need for land recovery or the recurrent use of fire in the traditional agricultural calendar. Self-employment and the industrial sector were also analyzed, but no statistically significant effects were found. The study highlights the importance of preventive policies aimed at monitoring and combating wildfires and burnings in order to avoid adverse effects on labor markets in regions more vulnerable to these externalities.

Keywords

panel data, sectoral employment, burning and forest fires, climatic variables

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Submitted date:
12/22/2025

Accepted date:
05/25/2026

Publication date:
07/23/2026

Focos de calor e impactos associados à dinâmica do trabalho na América do Sul

Heat spots and associated impacts on labor dynamics in South America

Wesley Leitão de Sousa; Eric Renan Mota Vasconcelos; Ana Karine Justino da Costa; Moisés Dias Gomes de Asevedo

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