Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural
http://www.resr.periodikos.com.br/article/doi/10.1590/1806-9479.2026.304386
Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

From linear to circular pig farming: a systematic literature review

Da suinocultura linear para a circular: uma revisão sistemática de literatura

Gevair Campos; Vânia Ferreira Roque-Specht; Fabrício Oliveira Leitão

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Abstract

Pig farming, recognized as a pillar of global food production, faces the challenge of managing large volumes of waste, whose inadequate disposal generates significant environmental impacts. Therefore, this study sought to identify and analyze the circular economy (CE) strategies applied in the sector for waste management and valorization, using the 9R framework as an analytical basis to evaluate environmental policy maturity. The methodology consisted of a systematic literature review of articles published between 2015 and 2025. The initial categorization revealed that Pig Manure dominated the research, highlighting the literature's focus on the sector's main environmental liability. The integrated analysis mapped the predominant circular practices, indicating that the most explored solutions concentrated on the reactive end-of-waste cycle: Recovery (R9) of energy and Reuse (R3) of effluents. Proactive, higher-value strategies in the hierarchy, such as Refuse (R0), Rethink (R1), Repair (R4), and Refurbish (R5), proved to be completely absent or insufficiently explored. This concentration on end-of-cycle strategies reveals a profound "circularity gap" within the sector, which still operates predominantly under a “waste economy” model driven by rehabilitative circularity. The findings indicated the need to develop a theoretical proposition that promotes a shift from end-of-pipe impact mitigation to systemic preventive design, aiming at Refusing (R0), Rethinking (R1), and Redesigning (R7) the system to achieve full resource decoupling.

Keywords

circular economy, swine farming, 9R framework, waste valorization, sustainability

Resumo

A suinocultura, reconhecida como um pilar da produção global de alimentos, enfrenta o desafio de gerenciar grandes volumes de resíduos, cujo descarte inadequado gera impactos ambientais significativos. Portanto, este estudo buscou identificar e analisar as estratégias de economia circular (EC) aplicadas no setor para a gestão e valorização de resíduos, utilizando a estrutura dos 9 Rs como base analítica para avaliar a maturidade da política ambiental. A metodologia consistiu em uma revisão sistemática da literatura de artigos publicados entre 2015 e 2025. A categorização inicial revelou que o Esterco Suíno dominou as pesquisas, destacando o foco da literatura no principal passivo ambiental do setor. A análise integrada mapeou as práticas circulares predominantes, indicando que as soluções mais exploradas se concentraram no ciclo reativo de fim de resíduo: Recuperação (R9) de energia e Reúso (R3) de efluentes. Estratégias proativas de maior valor na hierarquia, como Recusar (R0), Repensar (R1), Reparar (R4) e Remodelar (R5), demonstraram ser completamente ausentes ou insuficientemente exploradas. Essa concentração em estratégias de fim de ciclo revela um profundo "gap de circularidade" dentro do setor, que ainda opera predominantemente sob um modelo de "economia de resíduos" impulsionado por uma circularidade reabilitadora. Os achados indicaram a necessidade de desenvolver uma proposição teórica que promova uma mudança da mitigação de impactos de fim de ciclo para um design preventivo sistêmico, visando Recusar (R0), Repensar (R1) e Redesenhar (R7) o sistema para alcançar o desacoplamento total de recursos.

Palavras-chave

economia circular, suinocultura, framework 9R, gestão de resíduos, sustentabilidade

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Submitted date:
01/09/2026

Accepted date:
05/15/2026

Publication date:
07/24/2026

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